If you have this error, then grub (operating system loader) was corrupted. Damage occurred on the disk partition where the Linux system was installed. Grub looks for /boot/grub directory and can’t find it. I had this problem when I move Linux partition to another disk and deleted the old one. But the settings in grub […]
Category: Linux for beginners
How To Do some simple things
Add non-free, contrib areas to Debian using apt
In Debian repositories, packages are sorted in 3 package areas: main, contrib, non-free. By default, we can install packages only from main area. So, if we want to install packages from contrib, non-free areas we need to apply some settings to our system. There is a way to do that using /etc/apt/sources.list file, but in […]
Examples of using single and double quotes in bash
What’s the difference between single and double quotes in bash script? Let’s take examples to make it clear. This is a really problematic topic in which I constantly get confused. Keep in mind that single and double quotes are completely different characters and it have different meanings in bash. Try, if possible, to use them […]
Find command in Linux and examples for everyday work
It is very important to be able to find all necessary information in Linux. Linux terminal search is the fastest and most flexible. So, we don’t need to install special tools for it since find utility is present in all Linux distributions. It can search for files by their name, regular expressions, creation date and […]
Error: Too many open files in Linux
“Too many open files” problem occurs when the program opens a large number of file descriptors(files, in simple terms). So, the program is out of limit. In Linux there are strict restrictions on the number of open files for each process and user, for protection purposes. Let’s start our research, we’ll explore how to predict […]
Basic commands to control pulseaudio status and volume
Here are some basic commands for pulseaudio management. How to start, stop and restart pulseaudio server without logout. How to control volume level via both amixer and pactl utilities. It is preferable to control the sound of course via pulseaudio itself (pactl), but amixer also easily copes with this task. In any, I didn’t notice […]
Optimized way to grab CPU, GPU(nouveau) temperature and fan info for bash scripts
In this article, I propose a method that I use myself. Probably it is not ideal, but it allows you to avoid unnecessary applications using only kernel information from RAM. In any case, I hope it will be interesting. First, we need to figure out which kernel modules need to be loaded in order to […]
How not to install additional packages (recommended and suggested) via apt-get in Debian/Ubuntu Linux
So, a package manager called apt is the main tool for installing software. Apt is popular among the Debian-based Linux distributions, such as Ubuntu, Mint, and others. So, by default apt installs all dependencies, including optional and not always necessary. They’re called recommended and suggested. So, they can affect system speed and memory consumption. What are […]
How to write Japanese and Chinese in Linux on any window manager using fcitx
If your Linux system has a custom environment with window manager like i3wm, bspwm, dwm there is no problem. The method below doesn’t require toolbars, widgets, applets and other things. Install fcitx First we need to install fcitx: Then, we need to decide which language we want to use (Chinese or Japanese). Packages for Japanese […]
How To install Debian testing with XFCE (x32/x64) with images
About Debian testing Debian is a popular linux distribution. It differs from Ubuntu in that it has fewer pre-installed applications. I think it is suitable for both beginners and advanced users, because it allow you to do whatever you want with it. You can even install “pure” Debian with around 200 packages in it (without […]